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REBBYRES.4CA
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REBIDS BY RESPONDER
See SPLINTER REBIDS BY RESPONDER for a discussion of splinter
rebids.
Opener Has Rebid 1NT
Reverses by an unpassed hand are forcing for one round, but do not
promise another bid if opener makes a discouraging call:
Opener Responder
1C 1H
1NT 2S - forcing
2NT/3C/3H - Pass is okay
3D/3S - forcing
4S - good spades, good cards in bid suits
Responder may not pass a bid of the fourth suit (diamonds, above),
or a raise of the reverse suit (spades, above). Responder's ruffing
values in a 4-4 fit would automatically turn an invitational hand
into a game-going hand. If opener makes an "unnecessary" jump raise
to game in spades, he is implying very good spades, good clubs, and
probably a heart fit. With high cards in the bid suits, he is
probably weak in diamonds: S-KQ32 H-J54 D-932 C-AKJ Yes, the 1NT
rebid is correct. A three-card club opener must rebid 1NT if he
doesn't raise a one-level response. Responder can picture just this
sort of hand for opener, since the only reason for not rebidding
1S with good spades is a 4-3-3-3 hand.
A 2C rebid is artificial, forcing. See chapter CHECKBACK STAYMAN
BY RESPONDER in the book "Marvin's Conventions and Treatments."
If responder raises opener after reversing, that is forcing:
Opener Responder
1C 1H
1NT 2S
2NT 3C - forcing
With only invitational strength, responder must bid 2C (Checkback
Stayman) and then make the invitation. If opener had rebid 2C
instead of 1NT, responder's third-round club raise would be only
semi-forcing. Opener could pass with a really bad fit and a
minimum: S-732 H-85 D-KQ C-AQJ987
Any other bid at the two level is weak, even in a new suit:
Opener Responder
1H 1S
1NT 2C - Checkback Stayman
2D/2H/2S - are weak bids
The 2H preference denies adequate trump support for hearts,
promises five spades and usually includes a minor suit singleton.
Opener can go back to spades with three spades and four hearts.
With a good heart raise, or only four spades, responder must not
use this sequence. He must either raise hearts immediately or pass
1NT.
All jumps to three in a suit by an unpassed hand are forcing. To
invite game, bid 2C (Checkback Stayman), then make the invitation.
A raise of 1NT to 2NT shows 11-12 HCP, counting a good suit as a
point.
Opener Has Rebid 2NT (Non-Jump)
-- Opener's 2NT rebid after a two-over-one response is not forcing.
If responder rebids his suit, that is a warning that his suit will
not run unless opener has a fit (and that he had a weakish two-
over-one response). Any other suit rebid by responder is forcing:
Opener Responder
1S 2D
2NT 3D - weak, long suit
3C/3H/3S/4D - forcing
4C - Gerber
4H - splinter, long diamonds
4S - not invitational
The principle of "fast arrival" applies opposite a notrump bid, so
the 4S bid is not invitational. See GENERAL BIDDING PRINCIPLES (top
menu of CORE DUMP) for a discussion of this subject. Also see
SPLINTER REBIDS BY RESPONDER.
-- When opener bids 2NT after a raise, responder can pass with a
minimum hand and a tolerance for notrump, or can raise to 3NT. With
four-card support for opener's major he will generally sign off at
the three level with a minimum hand, or bid game with a maximum.
With four-card support for opener's minor, he may choose to remain
in notrump with a balanced hand, either passing 2NT or raising to
3NT. A new suit at the three level is a weak sign-off, usually
showing six cards if it's a minor, five cards if the suit is
hearts.
When opener rebids 2NT after a spade raise, a new suit is weak and
non-forcing, and a jump to 4H is natural, not a splinter bid:
Opener Responder
1S 2S
2NT Pass - weak raise, three spades
3C/3D/3H - weak sign-off
3NT - good raise, three spades
4H - good raise, 5 or 6 hearts
Opener Has Jumped to 2NT
Responder should not pass unless he is ashamed of his first
response and thinks 2NT is the safest spot. See chapter STOPLIGHT
in the book "Marvin's Conventions and Treatments."
4NT is a natural raise.
A jump rebid in a new suit other than clubs or spades is a splinter
bid. See SPLINTER REBIDS BY RESPONDER.
Opener Responder
1C 1D
2NT 4H - splinter bid
4C - Gerber
4S - notrump slam try
4NT - notrump slam try
The 4S notrump slam try implies that responder needs a good three-
card fit (Qxx or better) in his suit to make it useful for a
notrump slam. With a strong suit, responder would bid 4NT to try
for slam. See GENERAL BIDDING PRINCIPLES (main menu) for a
discussion of using 4S as a notrump slam try.
Opener Has Jumped to 3NT
4NT is a natural raise.
A jump to a minor suit game is a sign-off, not particularly
invitational:
Opener Responder
1C 1D
3NT 5D
Opener Responder
1D 1S
3NT 5D
Responder also has a weak hand in this auction:
Opener Responder
1H 1S
3NT 4H
This is the weak hand previously described in ONE-OVER-ONE
RESPONSES: S-Q8743 H-986 D-3 C-K853. With a hand that was too good
for a 2H raise, responder must find another bid at this point
because slam would be likely. The 4H bid is not forcing, of course,
nor is this 4H bid:
Opener Responder
1D 1S
3NT 4H - natural, not Super Gerber
4C - Gerber
Although 4H is not forcing, responder should have a hand at least
as good as S-AJ763 H-K9873 D-42 C-3, because opener is allowed to
go on with a good fit. With a weaker hand, responder should just
pass 3NT and hope for the best. This auction is an exception to the
general rules that (1) a bid of the lowest unbid suit other than
clubs is Super Gerber (described in the book "Strong Bidding") and
(2) a non-jump 4C bid is natural.
Opener Responder
1C 1H
3NT 4C/4H - natural
4D - Super Gerber
4S - artificial notrump raise
4NT - notrump raise
The 4S notrump raise implies that responder's hearts need a good
fit to be useful for slam (e.g., five cards to only one of the top
four honors). This may help opener in deciding whether to go past
4NT.
Opener Responder
1D 1H
3NT 4C/4D - natural, forcing
4H - natural, weak, long suit
4S - super Gerber
Super Gerber takes preference over the artificial 4S notrump raise.
Opener Has Raised
A return to opener's first suit is forcing for one round, unless
the raise was made over a double:
Opener Responder
1C 1S
2S 3C - forcing, game try at least
South West North East
1C Dbl 1S Pass
2S Pass 3C - not forcing, invitational
The 3C bid does not indicate a spade psych, only that North has a
four-card spade suit. North has a good hand, but not a game-going
hand in view of the failure to redouble. South can pass with three
spades and nothing extra.
Opener Has Changed Suits Minimally
-- See chapter CHECKBACK STAYMAN BY OPENER in the book "Marvin's
Conventions and Treatments" for bidding sequences following an
original 1NT response.
-- When the original response was a suit response and opener's
rebid is a new suit at the one level, or a lower ranking suit at
the two level (not a reverse), responder's rebid of the same suit
is a weak sign-off even after a two-over-one response:
Opener Responder
1S 2D
2H 3D - weak, not encouraging
Responder can resort to Fourth Suit Artificial with a strong
hand.
A jump preference is invitational, not forcing, even by a two-over-
one responder:
Opener Responder
1S 2D
2H 3S - invitational, not forcing
A 2S bid would be a preference, not a raise, equivalent to passing
2H. Accordingly, the 3S bid is simply a raise, equivalent to
bidding 3H. Neither raise is forcing. If responder has three-card
support and wants to force in spades, he must bid 3C (Fourth Suit
Artificial, described in the book "Marvin's Conventions and
Treatments) and then raise. With four-card support he must jump to
4S, a sequence that implies 5-4-2-2 with strength concentrated in
the two suits: S-KQ42 H-95 D-AQJ76 C-32. With scattered strength
responder would raise spades immediately instead of bidding 2D.
As said before, a simple preference in a major denies adequate
trump support:
Opener Responder
1S 2C
2H 2S - weak preference
The 2S preference is equivalent to passing 2H when hearts are
preferred but cannot be raised. Responder has S-J3 H-4 D-Q1087
C-AJ7632. With adequate trump support for spades and a weak hand,
the response is 2S, not 2C. With an invitational hand, the rebid
is 3S, not 2S. A bid of the fourth suit Fourth Suit Artificial
convention.
A raise of opener's second suit from one to two shows 7-10 points,
counting distribution. Pass with less. A jump to three is invita-
tional:
Opener Responder
1C 1H
1S 2S - 7 to 10 points
3S - invitational, 11-12 points
-- When the original response was a raise, opener's new suit bid
is forcing if the raise did not come over a double. Responder is
expected to clarify his raise in some way. If the raised suit is
a major, bidding something else tends to show an original three-
card raise. Responder must not go beyond three of the raised suit
without extra values:
Opener Responder
1S 2S
3C 3D/3H - may not be a suit
3S - sign-off, weak
3NT - good raise, red strength
4D/4H - splinter, great fit
4S - good raise
In this case responder can feel free to jump to 4S with only three-
card support, since opener must have five spades in view of the
club rebid. The 3D and 3H bids are more valuable as showing
strength in the suit rather than length, since opener is known to
have five spades. These bids are forcing, so responder may or may
not have a good raise. The 3NT bid is unlikely, perhaps based on
a hand like S-Q87 H-QJ108 D-QJ108 C-J2. Also see SPLINTER REBIDS
BY OPENER.
Had the rebid been in diamonds, responder would have to allow for
a 4-3-4-2 opening hand, so a 3H rebid (forcing, but not implying
extra strength) requires five hearts. She will be much more likely
to bid 3NT with a good hand and only three spades: S-K87 H-KJ9 D-J2
C-J10873.
Opener Has Rebid a Suit Minimally
Responder's rebid of the same suit is a weak sign-off at matchpoint
scoring. In a IMP match it is better to pass a hopeless hand than
to "rescue" partner, so responder's rebid of the same suit is
mildly encouraging. ("Mildly", since a jump rebid in the same suit
is not forcing.)
A reverse by responder is forcing unless she is a passed hand.
Other new suit rebids are also forcing by an unpassed hand, except
for 2H:
Opener Responder
1C 1S
2C 2D - forcing
2H - not forcing
At matchpoint scoring the 2H bid might be a stretch. At IMP scoring
it has to be regarded as invitational, so responder must pass 2C
with a weak 5-5 in the majors.
If responder raises opener's suit to the three level after
reversing, that is not quite forcing if opener has failed to
support one of responder's suits:
Opener Responder
1D 1H
2D 2S
2NT 3D - S-AJ76 H-KJ532 D-Q76 C-4
4D - forcing
However: Opener Responder
1D 2C
2D 2S
3C 3D - forcing
Opener Has Jumped in the Same Suit
A jump rebid in the same suit is not forcing, even after a two-
over-one response. Responder bids again, however, unless she is
ashamed of her first bid and is short in opener's suit.
If responder does not pass this jump, the partnership is usually
committed to game, although responder might pass a third bid in the
same suit:
Opener Responder
1C 1S
3C 3S - forcing!
4C Pass
Responder has S-KJ976 H-5432 D-Q87 C-6 and elects to pass 4C. He
rightly bid 3S after his legitimate 1S response, because opener
could have spade support. When this doesn't eventuate, he gives
up.
Opener Has Reversed
-- After a 1NT response, reverses are not forcing, nor do they
promise another bid, and raises by responder are not forcing:
Opener Responder
1C 1NT
2H 3C/3H - not forcing
-- After a one-over-one response, reverses are forcing only when
responder has bid a five-card or longer suit. Opener can pass
responder's discouraging rebids: 2NT or return to opener's first
suit, both of which show weakness and deny five cards in the
original response suit.
A raise of reverser's second suit is invitational when the suit is
diamonds, forcing when the suit is hearts.
Responder's jump rebid in the same suit is forcing to game, showing
a fairly solid six-card or longer suit. Opener might raise with a
singleton honor if he has no better bid.
With no convenient rebid, responder can use Fourth Suit Artificial
(FSA), described in the book "Marvin's Conventions and Treatments."
FSA denies exactly five cards in the original suit (which calls for
a relay bid--see below) but responder could have six provided he
wants to be in game. FSA tends to deny a good notrump bid (maybe
Axx or Qx, but not a better holding in the fourth suit). At the two
level, FSA does not promise another bid. Responder can pass if
opener shows no extras:
Opener Responder
1C 1H
2D 2S - FSA
2NT/3C/3D - not forcing
3H/3S - forcing
4C - splinter, great diamonds
See SPLINTER REBIDS BY RESPONDER. With a strong club raise,
responder can mark time with FSA and raise clubs later. If the FSA
bidder does bid again, all non-game bids are forcing except a raise
of opener's last bid:
Opener Responder
1C 1H
2D 2S - FSA
3C 4C - not forcing (direct raise)
3D/3H/3S - forcing
At the three level (3C, perforce) FSA promises another bid if
opener does not bid game.
Responder's jump to the three level in the fourth suit shows a real
suit, not a splinter. This means responder must bid 3NT when the
fourth suit is clubs, because a jump to 4C is a splinter bid.
If responder's suit is a five-carder, she must bid the ranking suit
as a forcing relay, but may pass opener's next bid. The relay is
permissible with a very strong four-card suit (three of the top
four honors). It is also permissible with a six-card suit provided
responder is doubtful about game. With a better hand, either jump
rebid in the suit (if it is fairly solid) or use FSA and then rebid
the suit, a forcing sequence.
Usually the ranking suit bid is responder's original suit, but not
in one case:
Opener Responder
1C 1S
2D 2H - relay, five or more spades
2S - Fourth Suit Artificial
The partnership can stop at 2S if responder has a bad hand and
opener has a minimum reverse with three spades. Since 2H is a
relay, we use 2S artificially for "Fourth Suit" Artificial.
Let's look at various auctions:
Opener Responder
1C 1S
2D 2H - five or more spades, forcing
2S - FSA (note reversal of bids)
2NT/3C - not forcing, weak
3D - invitational
3H - heart suit, forcing
3S - six or more spades, forcing
3NT - hearts stopped, extra HCPs
4D - splinter, good clubs
4C - splinter, good diamonds
All bids other than 2H deny exactly five spades. To make a forcing
raise in one of opener's minors, bid 2S (FSF), then raise. See
SPLINTER REBIDS BY RESPONDER.
Opener Responder
1C 1H
2D 2H - five or more hearts, forcing
2S - FSA (may not bid again)
2NT/3C - not forcing, weak
3D - invitational
3H - six or more hearts, forcing
3S - spade suit, 4-4 majors
3NT - spades stopped, extra HCPs
4C/4D - splinter bids
Opener Responder
1D 1S
2H 2S - five or more spades, forcing
2NT/3D - not forcing, weak
3C - FSA (will bid again)
3H - forcing
3S - six or more spades, forcing
3NT - clubs stopped, extra HCPs
4C/4D - splinters, good hearts
4H - good hearts, good spades
After a 2H relay showing a five-card spade suit, opener bids as
follows:
Opener Responder
1C 1S
2D 2H - relay, five or more spades
2S - spade support, nothing extra
2NT - hearts stopped
3C - probably no heart stop
3D - five or more diamonds, longer clubs
3H - probably Axx in hearts, extra values
3S - spade support, extra values
4C - not quite forcing
4H - splinter, probably a void, big hand
4S - big hand, a singleton heart at most
This is the only reversing sequence that provides opener an
opportunity to show three degrees of support (2S, 3S, 4S) for
responder's five-card suit. The 3H bid lets responder, who may have
Qx in hearts, bid the notrump. The 4C bid implies a mild spade fit,
so responder can bid 4S with six spades. Since a reverse is not
forcing, the other four-level rebids by opener are unlikely, but
opener could have three strong spades in a hand not quite good
enough for a game-forcing jump reverse.
Opener Responder
1D 1S
2H 2S - relay, five or more spades
3S - three spades, no extra strength
2NT - doubleton spade, clubs stopped
3C - short spades, three or four clubs
3D - one or two spades, no club stop
4S - big hand, short hearts
4C - splinter, probably a void, big hand
A heart reverse after a club opening is handled similarly.
Suppose the relay bidder doesn't pass opener's third bid. Usually
his next bid promises nothing extra:
Opener Responder
1C 1H
2D 2H - relay, five or more hearts
2S 2NT/3C/3D are all weak
3H - long hearts, weak hand
3S asks opener to bid 3NT
The weak bids are not forcing. Opener's 2S bid implies a 3-1-4-5
shape with perhaps Axx in spades (wanting responder to bid notrump
in case he has the queen or jack). Responder raises spades instead
of bidding notrump when he has no desire to play the hand (e.g.,
with QJ doubleton of spades).
If opener has shown three-card support for responder's proclaimed
five-card suit, then responder's bid in any other suit or notrump
is forcing:
Opener Responder
1C 1S
2D 2H - relay, five or more spades
2S 3S - invitational
2NT - forcing, good hearts
3C/3D - forcing
3H - FSA, seeking more info
-- After a two-over-one response, reverses are forcing. The
reverser will not pass responder's jump in the same suit, 2NT
rebid, or raise of reverser's second suit, but may definitely pass
a diamond preference or a simple rebid of responder's suit:
Opener Responder
1D 2C
2H 2S - FSA
2NT - forcing
3C - not forcing, weak
3D - weak preference
3H - forcing
3S - spade suit, forcing
4C - natural, forcing
4D - splinter, good hearts
The 3D bid is a weak preference, despite the two-over-one response:
S-843 H-5 D-J83 C-AQJ976. Fourth Suit Artificial is available for
those hands that are too strong for a pass or non-forcing bid.
A return to hearts, however, is forcing:
Opener Responder
1H 2C/2D
2S 3H - forcing
4H - good hearts, good minor
With a weak hand responder presumably would have raised hearts on
the first round, so both heart rebids imply a hand that was too
good for that action.
Opener Has Bid a New Suit at the Three Level
Opener Responder
1S 2D
3C - forcing
A new suit at the three level is not only forcing, but promises
another bid if responder makes a minimum call (such as 3S or 3D,
in this auction). If the response was one-over-one, however, and
the three-level bid arises because of an opposing bid, the new suit
is forcing only if it is a reverse:
South West North East
1D Pass 1S 2H
3C - not forcing
South needs a fairly good hand to bid at the three level, but may
have bid only 2C if East had passed. Accordingly, a 3S bid by North
at this point could be passed.
A reverse at the three level is forcing, however:
South West North East
1C Pass 1S 2H
3D - forcing
Here too, a 3S bid by North might be passed if opener is stretch-
ing.
Opener Has Made a Jump Shift
A jump shift (jump in a new suit) by opener is forcing to game.
Opener Responder
1H 1S/1NT
3D - game forcing
Opener Has Raised a Strong Jump Takeout
Opener Responder
1S 3C
4C 4S
The 4S bid is not quite forcing. Responder has an absolute minimum
for the jump takeout, or she would have found some other call. Her
hand: S-AQJ H-K6 D-976 C-AQ983 Opener can pass with a minimum hand
such as S-K10876 H-54 D-AK C-J1074. If the king of diamonds and a
little club were interchanged, however, she would have enough of
a fit to cue bid 5D, whereupon responder can bid 6C (both to
protect the king of hearts from the opening lead and to suggest a
safer slam).
Opener Has Passed
When opener has passed over an intervening bid, a new suit bid at
the one level is not forcing:
South West North East
1C Pass 1D 1H
Pass Pass 1S - not forcing
This is also true at the two level if responder has not reversed:
South West North East
1C Pass 1S 2D
Pass Pass 2H - not forcing
3H - forcing to game
South West North East
1C Pass 1H 2D
Pass Pass 2S - forcing (reverse)